In a report of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) Reconsidering the Rules of Space Project, Gregory Kulacki and Jeffrey G. Lewis examine three formative events in the development of China's space program: the launch of the first satellite in 1970, the launch of the first communications satellite in 1984, and the first human spaceflight in 2003. They trace the origins and basic purposes of each of these efforts and set them in the context of China's internal history.